I)-عموميات حول المتتاليات العدديةGénéralités sur les suites numériques :
ليكن n 0 ∈ℕ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaieYlNi=xH8yiVC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpe ea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=J bbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeWabmqadiWacmGabeWabmWadeWaemaake aacaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaeyicI4SaeSyfHukaaa@3F03@ و I={ n∈ℕ/n≥ n 0 } MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2D aebbfv3ySLgzGueE0jxyaibaieYlNi=xH8yiVC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpe ea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=J bbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeWabmqadiWacmGabeWabmWadeWaemaake aacaWGjbGaeyypa0ZaaiWaaeaacaWGUbGaeyicI4SaeSyfHuQaai4l aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaGccaGL7b GaayzFaaaaaa@4767@ ، و لتكن ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ متتالية عددية.
1)- المتتالية المكبورة- المتتالية المصغورة – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaqefqvyO9wBHb acfeqcLbCaqaa6daaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3B63@ المتتالية المحدودة:
تعاريف
ü المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ مكبورة ∃M∈ℝ/∀n∈I, u n ≤M⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad2 eacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOcaGGVaGaeyiaIiIaamOBaiabgIGiolaadMea caGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgsMiJkaad2eacq GHuhY2aaa@471F@ .
ü المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ مصغورة ∃m∈ℝ/∀n∈I, u n ≥m⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad2 gacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOcaGGVaGaeyiaIiIaamOBaiabgIGiolaadMea caGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgwMiZkaad2gacq GHuhY2aaa@4770@ .
ü المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ محدودة ∃( m,M )∈ ℝ 2 /∀n∈I,m≤ u n ≤M MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKmaabm aabaGaamyBaiaacYcacaWGnbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeyicI4SaeSyh He6aaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaai4laiabgcGiIiaad6gacqGHii IZcaWGjbGaaiilaiaad2gacqGHKjYOcaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6ga aeqaaOGaeyizImQaamytaaaa@4B88@ .
مثال
نعتبر المتتالية العددية المعرفة بما يلي: ∀n∈ℕ, u n = n+1 n+2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaa kiabg2da9maalaaabaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeaacaWGUbGaey 4kaSIaaGOmaaaaaaa@43C3@ .
لدينا: ∀n∈ℕ, u n ≥0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaa kiabgwMiZkaaicdaaaa@400C@ أي أن المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbaabeaaaaa@3AD1@ مصغورة بالعدد 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaaicdaaaa@36C0@ .
لدينا: ∀n∈ℕ, u n ≤1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaa kiabgsMiJkaaigdaaaa@3FFC@ ( لأن n+1≤n+2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHRa WkcaaIXaGaeyizImQaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaikdaaaa@3CDC@ ) أي أن المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbaabeaaaaa@3AD1@ مكبورة بالعدد 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaaigdaaaa@36C1@ .
و بما أن المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbaabeaaaaa@3AD1@ مكبورة و مصغورة فإنها محدودة.
خاصية
المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ محدودة ⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgsDiBdaa@3860@ ∃M∈ ℝ + /∀n∈ℕ,| u n |≤M MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad2 eacqGHiiIZcqWIDesOdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgUcaRaaakiaac+cacqGH aiIicaWGUbGaeyicI4SaeSyfHuQaaiilamaaemaabaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaay5bSlaawIa7aiabgsMiJkaad2eaaaa@499C@ .
نعتبر المتتالية العددية المعرفة بما يلي: ∀n∈ℕ, u n = sinn 1+ n 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaa kiabg2da9maalaaabaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGaamOBaaqaaiaaig dacqGHRaWkcaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaaa@45E6@ .
لدينا: ∀n∈ℕ,| u n |≤ 1 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaWaaqWaaeaacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaa d6gaaeqaaaGccaGLhWUaayjcSdGaeyizIm6aaSaaaeaacaaIXaaaba GaaGOmaaaaaaa@43EA@ ،إذن المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbaabeaaaaa@3AD1@ محدودة.
3)- رتابة متتالية
§ المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ تزايدية على التوالي (تناقصية) u n+1 ≥ u n ⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadwhadaWgaa WcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyyzImRaamyDamaaBaaa leaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgsDiBdaa@400B@ على التوالي ( u n+1 ≤ u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaaqqa6da aaaaGuVv3zLbWdbeaacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaI XaaabeaakiabgsMiJkaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaaak8aaca GLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@4247@
§ المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ ثابتة ∀n∈I, u n+1 = u n ⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHiiIZcaWGjbGaaiilaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaiabgUca RiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaki abgsDiBdaa@4410@ .
ملاحظة
لتحديد رتابة المتتالية ( u n ) n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyicI4Saamysaaqabaaaaa@3D23@ نستعمل إحدى الطرق التالية:
§ دراسة إشارة الفرق u n+1 − u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadwhadaWgaa WcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaamyDamaaBaaa leaacaWGUbaabeaaaaa@3CCC@ حيث n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHii IZcaWGjbaaaa@394B@ .
§ استعمال البرهان بالترجع.
§ مقارنة الخارج u n+1 u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaalaaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaqabaaakeaacaWG1bWa aSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaaaaaa@3BEF@ مع العدد 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaaigdaaaa@36C1@ حيث n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHii IZcaWGjbaaaa@394B@ إذا كان لجميع حدود المتتالية نفس الإشارة.
§ دراسة إشارة الفرق f(x)−x MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadAgacaGGOa GaamiEaiaacMcacqGHsislcaWG4baaaa@3B31@ في حالة المتتالية من النوع u n+1 =f( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadwhadaWgaa WcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamOzamaabmaa baGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaaaa@3F63@ حيث n∈I MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHii IZcaWGjbaaaa@394B@ .
4)- المتتالية الحسابية:Suite arithmétique
v المتتالية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyyzImRaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3E7C@ متتالية حسابية إذا وجد عدد حقيقي r MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadkhaaaa@36FD@ بحيث: ∀n≥ n 0 , u n+1 − u n =r MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiaadwha daWgaaWcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaamyDam aaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadkhaaaa@44EF@ .
o إذا كانت ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyyzImRaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3E7C@ حسابية أساسها r MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadkhaaaa@36FD@ و حدها الأول u n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadwhadaWgaa WcbaGaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3911@ فإن: ∀n≥ n 0 ,∀p≥ n 0 , u n = u p +( n−p )r MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiabgcGi IiaadchacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilai aadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcaWG1bWaaSbaaSqa aiaadchaaeqaaOGaey4kaSYaaeWaaeaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaamiCaa GaayjkaiaawMcaaiaadkhaaaa@4DC5@ .
o S= u p + u p+1 +...+ u n = ( n−p+1 )( u p + u n ) 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadofacqGH9a qpcaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadchaaeqaaOGaey4kaSIaamyDamaaBaaa leaacaWGWbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaGGUaGaaiOlai aac6cacqGHRaWkcaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyypa0Za aSaaaeaadaqadaqaaiaad6gacqGHsislcaWGWbGaey4kaSIaaGymaa GaayjkaiaawMcaamaabmaabaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGWbaabeaa kiabgUcaRiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPa aaaeaacaaIYaaaaaaa@5329@ حيث : n≥p≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6gacqGHLj YScaWGWbGaeyyzImRaamOBamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@3D52@
5)- المتتالية الهندسية:Suite géométrique
o المتتالية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyyzImRaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3E7C@ متتالية هندسية إذا وجد عدد حقيقي q MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadghaaaa@36FC@ بحيث: ∀n≥ n 0 , u n+1 =q u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiaadwha daWgaaWcbaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaeqaaOGaeyypa0JaamyCai aadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaaaaa@43F7@ .
o إذا كانت ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaabmaabaGaam yDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyyzImRaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3E7C@ هندسية أساسها q MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadghaaaa@36FC@ و حدها الأول u n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadwhadaWgaa WcbaGaamOBamaaBaaameaacaaIWaaabeaaaSqabaaaaa@3911@ فإن: ∀n≥ n 0 ,∀p≥ n 0 , u n = u p q n−p MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilaiabgcGi IiaadchacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaOGaaiilai aadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcaWG1bWaaSbaaSqa aiaadchaaeqaaOGaamyCamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaiabgkHiTiaadc haaaaaaa@4B86@ .
o إذا كانت ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ هندسية أساسها q MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyCaaaa@3707@ فإن لكل n>p≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabg6 da+iaadchacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaSqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaaa@3CA0@ لدينا:
§ s= u p + u p+1 +...+ u n =( n−p+1 ) u p MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaam4Caiabg2 da9iaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamiCaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWG1bWaaSba aSqaaiaadchacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabeaakiabgUcaRiaac6cacaGGUa GaaiOlaiabgUcaRiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqp daqadaqaaiaad6gacqGHsislcaWGWbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaGaayjkai aawMcaaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamiCaaqabaaaaa@4DF1@ ، إذا كان q=1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyCaiabg2 da9iaaigdaaaa@38C8@ .
§ s= u p + u p+1 +...+ u n = u p ( 1− q n−p+1 ) 1−q MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaam4Caiabg2 da9iaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamiCaaqabaGccqGHRaWkcaWG1bWaaSba aSqaaiaadchacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabeaakiabgUcaRiaac6cacaGGUa GaaiOlaiabgUcaRiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqp caWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaadchaaeqaaOWaaSaaaeaadaqadaqaaiaaig dacqGHsislcaWGXbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGUbGaeyOeI0IaamiCaiab gUcaRiaaigdaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaaaeaacaaIXaGaeyOeI0Iaam yCaaaaaaa@537D@ ، إذا كان q≠1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyCaiabgc Mi5kaaigdaaaa@3989@ .