II)- نهاية متتالية عددية
1)- نهاية لا منتهية لمتتالية Limite infinie d’une suite
نشاط01
نعتبر المتتالية العددية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3ADC@ المعرفة بما يلي: ∀n∈ℕ, u n =2n+1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaacYcacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqa aOGaeyypa0JaaGOmaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaIXaaaaa@41E9@ .
1) – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaacbmqcLbCaqa aaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3806@ أحسب الحدود التالية: u 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaaa@37F2@ و u 9 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaI5aaabeaaaaa@37FA@ u 10 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@38AC@ و u 99 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaI5aGaaGyoaaqabaaaaa@38BD@ و u 100 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaGaaGimaiaaicdaaeqaaaaa@3966@ .
2) – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaacbmqcLbCaqa aaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3806@ أ- تحقق من أنه إذا كان n≥50 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaaiwdacaaIWaaaaa@3A43@ فإن u n ∈] 100,+∞ [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGaaGymaiaaicdacaaI WaGaaiilaiabgUcaRiabg6HiLcGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@4102@ .
ب- ليكن A>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyqaiabg6 da+iaaicdaaaa@3899@ . تحقق من أنه إذا كان n≥E( A−1 2 )+1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaadweadaqadaqaamaalaaabaGaamyqaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaeaa caaIYaaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaigdaaaa@3FF4@ فإن u n ∈] A,+∞ [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGaamyqaiaacYcacqGH RaWkcqGHEisPaiaaw2facaGLBbaaaaa@3F99@ .
ج- استنتج أن كل مجال ] A,+∞ [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaKWiaeaaca WGbbGaaiilaiabgUcaRiabg6HiLcGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@3BF2@ يحتوي على جميع حدود المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3ADC@ ابتداء من رتبة معينة.
نقول إن نهاية المتتالية ( u n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3ADC@ تؤول إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ و نكتب lim n→+∞ u n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLcaa@43D3@
تعريف
لتكن ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ متتالية عددية .
Ø نقول إن نهاية المتتالية العددية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ هي +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ إذا كان كل مجال من النوع ] A,+∞ [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaKWiaeaaca WGbbGaaiilaiabgUcaRiabg6HiLcGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@3BF2@ يحتوي على جميع حدود المتتالية ابتداء من رتبة معينة ، و نكتب lim n→+∞ u n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLcaa@43D3@ .
§ و بتعبير آخر: ∀A>0,∃N∈ℕ/∀n≥N, u n >A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaadg eacqGH+aGpcaaIWaGaaiilaiabgoGiKiaad6eacqGHiiIZcqWIvesP caGGVaGaeyiaIiIaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6eacaGGSaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg6da+iaadgeaaaa@4854@ lim n→+∞ u n =+∞⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLkabgsDiBdaa@462F@
Ø نقول إن نهاية المتتالية العددية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ هي −∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyOeI0Iaey OhIukaaa@386F@ إذا كان كل مجال من النوع ] −∞,A [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaKWiaeaacq GHsislcqGHEisPcaGGSaGaamyqaaGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@3BFD@ يحتوي على جميع حدود المتتالية ابتداء من رتبة معينة ، و نكتب lim n→+∞ u n =−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTi abg6HiLcaa@43DE@ .
§ و بتعبير آخر: ∀A>0,∃N∈ℕ/∀n≥N, u n <−A MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaadg eacqGH+aGpcaaIWaGaaiilaiabgoGiKiaad6eacqGHiiIZcqWIvesP caGGVaGaeyiaIiIaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6eacaGGSaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgYda8iabgkHiTiaadgeaaaa@493D@ lim n→+∞ u n =−∞⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTi abg6HiLkabgsDiBdaa@463A@
أمثلة
v باستعمال التعريف، بين أن lim x→+∞ ( n 2 )=+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWG4bGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakmaabmaabaGaamOBamaaCaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaaaOGaayjkai aawMcaaiabg2da9iabgUcaRiabg6HiLcaa@451C@ و lim x→+∞ ( 1−3n )=−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWG4bGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakmaabmaabaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiaaiodacaWGUbaacaGLOaGaay zkaaGaeyypa0JaeyOeI0IaeyOhIukaaa@4699@
متتاليات مرجعية: Suites de références
Ø المتتاليات العددية التالية: ( n ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WGUbaacaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@39AC@ و ( n 2 ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3A9F@ و ( n 3 ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3AA0@ ... ( n p ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGWbaaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gaaeqaaaaa@3AD8@ ،
حيث p∈ ℕ ∗ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiCaiabgI GiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3B12@ متتاليات عددية تؤول إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ .
ملاحظة
Ø إذا كانت u n =f( n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadAgadaqadaqaaiaad6gaaiaa wIcacaGLPaaaaaa@3CA1@ حيث f MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOzaaaa@36FC@ دالة عددية معرفة على مجال من نوع [ a,+∞ [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaKGiaeaaca WGHbGaaiilaiabgUcaRiabg6HiLcGaay5waiaawUfaaaaa@3C0F@ ، و إذا كانت
lim x→+∞ f( x )=l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamOzamaabmaabaGaamiEaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabg2da9i aadYgaaaa@43C9@ ( حيث l∈ℝ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiBaiabgI Giolabl2riHcaa@39F6@ أو l=+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiBaiabg2 da9iabgUcaRiabg6HiLcaa@3A5B@ أو l=−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiBaiabg2 da9iabgkHiTiabg6HiLcaa@3A66@ ) فإن: lim x→+∞ u n =l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgaaa a@427B@ .
تمرين
أحسب نهاية المتتالية العددية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ المعرفة بحدها العام في الحالات التالية:
u n =−2 n 3 +3n−1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaikdacaWGUbWaaWba aSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaG4maiaad6gacqGHsislcaaIXa aaaa@4104@ و u n = n+1 n 3 +n+1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9maalaaabaGaamOBaiabgUcaRiaa igdaaeaacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaOGaey4kaSIaamOBai abgUcaRiaaigdaaaaaaa@4133@ و u n = 2 n 2 +1 n 2 −1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9maalaaabaGaaGOmaiaad6gadaah aaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaGccqGHRaWkcaaIXaaabaGaamOBamaaCaaale qabaGaaGOmaaaakiabgkHiTiaaigdaaaaaaa@4117@ و u n = n 3 +1 −n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9maakeaabaGaamOBamaaCaaaleqa baGaaG4maaaakiabgUcaRiaaigdaaSqaaaaakiabgkHiTiaad6gaaa a@3EC3@
خاصية
لتكن ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ و ( v n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG2bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BE@ متتاليتين عدديتين و α MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeqySdegaaa@37B0@ عددا حقيقيا موجبا قطعا.
Ø إذا كان v n ≥α u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamODamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgwMiZkabeg7aHjaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGa amOBaaqabaaaaa@3DB3@ لكل n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaad6gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3AA3@ ،( n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBamaaBa aaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@37EA@ عدد صحيح طبيعي معلوم ) و lim x→+∞ u n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLcaa@43DD@ فإن lim x→+∞ v n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLcaa@43DE@
Ø إذا كان v n ≤α u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamODamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgsMiJkabeg7aHjaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGa amOBaaqabaaaaa@3DA2@ لكل n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaad6gadaWgaaWcbaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3AA3@ ،( n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBamaaBa aaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaaa@37EA@ عدد صحيح طبيعي معلوم ) و lim x→+∞ u n =−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTi abg6HiLcaa@43E8@ فإن lim x→+∞ v n =−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamODamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTi abg6HiLcaa@43E9@
برهان
مثال
لتكن ( u n ) n≥1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaaIXaaabeaaaaa@3D5C@ المتتالية العددية المعرفة بما يلي: ∀n∈ ℕ ∗ , u n =−2n+3sin 2π n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaOGaaiilaiaa dwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcqGHsislcaaIYaGaam OBaiabgUcaRiaaiodaciGGZbGaaiyAaiaac6gadaWcaaqaaiaaikda cqaHapaCaeaacaWGUbaaaaaa@4A52@ .
لدينا : ∀n∈ ℕ ∗ , u n ≤−2n+3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaOGaaiilaiaa dwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHKjYOcqGHsislcaaIYaGaam OBaiabgUcaRiaaiodaaaa@44AD@ ( لأن sin 2π n ≤1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaci4CaiaacM gacaGGUbWaaSaaaeaacaaIYaGaeqiWdahabaGaamOBaaaacqGHKjYO caaIXaaaaa@3ED5@ ) .
و بما أن lim x→+∞ −2n+3=−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaeyOeI0IaaGOmaiaad6gacqGHRaWkcaaIZaGaeyypa0Jaey OeI0IaeyOhIukaaa@4600@ فإن المتتالية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ متباعدة و lim x→+∞ u n =−∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgkHiTi abg6HiLcaa@43E8@ .
لتكن ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BC@ المتتالية العددية المعرفة بما يلي: u 0 =0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIWaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaicdaaaa@39BB@ و ∀n∈ℕ, u n+1 =1+ 1+ u n 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaacYcacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gacqGH RaWkcaaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iaaigdacqGHRaWkdaGcaaqaaiaaig dacqGHRaWkcaWG1bWaa0baaSqaaiaad6gaaeaacaaIYaaaaaqabaaa aa@465A@ .
1)- بين أن : ∀n∈ ℕ ∗ , u n >1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaOGaaiilaiaa dwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH+aGpcaaIXaaaaa@4080@ .
2)- بين أن المتتالية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BC@ تزايدية.
1) – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaacbmqcLbCaqa aaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3806@ بين أن ∀n∈ℕ, u n ≥n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaacYcacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqa aOGaeyyzImRaamOBaaaa@4050@ ، ثم استنتج lim x→+∞ u n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaadIhacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaaaaa@407A@ .
ليكن q MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfKCHjwAJbqefeetbDvsTmtlXaWexLMBbX gBcf2CPn2qVrwzqf2zLnharyavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51My VXgaryWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYlNi=xH8yiVC 0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi 0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeWabmGadmWadmWabi WacmabdiWafmaakeaacaWGXbaaaa@3CCC@ عددا حقيقيا.
v إذا كان q>1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfKCHjwAJbqefeetbDvsTmtlXaWexLMBbX gBcf2CPn2qVrwzqf2zLnharyavP1wzZbItLDhis9wBH5garmWu51My VXgaryWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYlNi=xH8yiVC 0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi 0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeWabmGadmWadmWabi WacmabdiWafmaakeaacaWGXbGaeyOpa4JaaGymaaaa@3E8F@ فإن: lim n→+∞ q n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakiaadghadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6gaaaGccqGH9aqpcqGHRaWkcq GHEisPaaa@43C4@
v إذا كان p∈ ℕ ∗ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadchacqGHii IZcqWIvesPdaahaaWcbeqaaiabgEHiQaaaaaa@3B07@ فإن lim n→+∞ n p =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakiaad6gadaahaaWcbeqaaiaadchaaaGccqGH9aqpcqGHRaWkcq GHEisPaaa@43C3@
برهان-أمثلة
2 )- نهاية منتهية لمتتالية عددية Limite finie d’une suite
نشاط
نعتبر المتتالية العددية ( u n ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGH+aGpcaaIWaaabeaaaaa@3C9E@ المعرفة بما يلي: ∀n∈ ℕ ∗ , u n =1+ ( −1 ) n n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaOGaaiilaiaa dwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGH9aqpcaaIXaGaey4kaSYaaS aaaeaadaqadaqaaiabgkHiTiaaigdaaiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWc beqaaiaad6gaaaaakeaacaWGUbaaaaaa@46BE@ .
1) – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaacbmqcLbCaqa aaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3806@ أحسب الحدود u 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaaabeaaaaa@37F2@ و u 9 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaI5aaabeaaaaa@37FA@ u 10 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaGaaGimaaqabaaaaa@38AC@ و u 99 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaI5aGaaGyoaaqabaaaaa@38BD@ و u 100 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaGaaGimaiaaicdaaeqaaaaa@3966@ .
2) – MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaacbmqcLbCaqa aaaaaaaaWdbiaa=nbiaaa@3806@ أ- تحقق من أنه إذا كان n≥10 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaaigdacaaIWaaaaa@3A3F@ فإن u n ∈] 1− 1 10 ,1+ 1 10 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGaaGymaiabgkHiTmaa laaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaigdacaaIWaaaaiaacYcacaaIXaGaey4kaS YaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaaGymaiaaicdaaaaacaGLDbGaay5waaaa aa@4445@ .
ب- ليكن ε>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeqyTduMaey Opa4JaaGimaaaa@397A@ . بين أنه إذا كان n≥N=E( 1 ε )+1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaiabgw MiZkaad6eacqGH9aqpcaWGfbWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaa cqaH1oqzaaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaa@4105@ فإن u n ∈] 1−ε,1+ε [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGaaGymaiabgkHiTiab ew7aLjaacYcacaaIXaGaey4kaSIaeqyTdugacaGLDbGaay5waaaaaa@4313@ .
ج- استنتج أن كل مجال مفتوح مركزه 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaaGymaaaa@36CC@ يحتوي على جميع حدود المتتالية ابتداء من رتبة معينة.
نقول إن نهاية المتتالية ( u n ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGH+aGpcaaIWaaabeaaaaa@3C9E@ تؤول إلى 1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaaGymaaaa@36CC@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ و نكتب lim n→+∞ u n =1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaigdaaa a@423B@
v نقول إن نهاية المتتالية العددية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ هي العدد الحقيقي l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiBaaaa@3702@ إذا كان
كل مجال مفتوح مركزه l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiBaaaa@3702@ يحتوي على جميع حدود المتتالية ابتداء من رتبة معينة ، و نكتب lim n→+∞ u n =l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgaaa a@4271@
و بتعبير آخر : ∀ε>0,∃N∈ℕ/∀n≥N,| u n −l |<ε MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiabew 7aLjabg6da+iaaicdacaGGSaGaey4aIqIaamOtaiabgIGiolablwri Lkaac+cacqGHaiIicaWGUbGaeyyzImRaamOtaiaacYcadaabdaqaai aadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGccqGHsislcaWGSbaacaGLhWUa ayjcSdGaeyipaWJaeqyTdugaaa@4F12@ lim n→+∞ u n =l⇔ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgacq GHuhY2aaa@44CD@
v باستعمال التعريف، بين أن lim x→+∞ ( 1 n 2 )=0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWG4bGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakmaabmaabaWaaSaaaeaacaaIXaaabaGaamOBamaaCaaaleqaba GaaGOmaaaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaacqGH9aqpcaaIWaaaaa@444E@ و lim n→+∞ ( 2n−1 n+1 )=2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaamaaxababaGaci iBaiaacMgacaGGTbaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOKH4Qaey4kaSIaeyOhIuka beaakmaabmaabaWaaSaaaeaacaaIYaGaamOBaiabgkHiTiaaigdaae aacaWGUbGaey4kaSIaaGymaaaaaiaawIcacaGLPaaacqGH9aqpcaaI Yaaaaa@478C@
Ø المتتاليات العددية التالية: ( 1 n ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaada WcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaWGUbaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaa caWGUbGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3C39@ و ( 1 n 2 ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaada WcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaaaaOGa ayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3D2C@ و ( 1 n 3 ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaada WcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIZaaaaaaaaOGa ayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3D2D@ ... ( 1 n p ) n>0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaada WcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaWGWbaaaaaaaOGa ayjkaiaawMcaamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbGaeyOpa4JaaGimaaqabaaaaa@3D65@
حيث p∈ ℕ ∗ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamiCaiabgI GiolablwriLoaaCaaaleqabaGaey4fIOcaaaaa@3B12@ متتاليات تؤول إلى الصفر عندما يؤول n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamOBaaaa@3704@ إلى +∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaey4kaSIaey OhIukaaa@3864@ .
3)-تقارب متتالية عددية Convergence d’une suite numérique
Ø نقول إن المتتالية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ متقاربة ( Convergente ) إذا كانت تقبل نهاية منتهية.
Ø نقول إن المتتالية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ متباعدة إذا كانت lim n→+∞ u n =±∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgglaXk abg6HiLcaa@44DF@ أو المتتالية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ لا تقبل نهاية .
Ø المتتالية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ المعرفة بحدها العام u n =1+ 1 n 2 +1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaigdacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaa igdaaeaacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaey4kaSIaaGymaa aaaaa@3F25@ متقاربة و لدينا : lim n→+∞ u n =1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaigdaaa a@423B@ .
Ø المتتالية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ المعرفة بحدها العام u n =2 n 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaaikdacaWGUbWaaWbaaSqabeaa caaIYaaaaaaa@3BD2@ متباعدة و لدينا: lim n→+∞ u n =+∞ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iabgUcaRi abg6HiLcaa@43D3@ .
Ø المتتالية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ المعرفة بحدها العام u n = ( −1 ) n MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaamyDamaaBa aaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9maabmaabaGaeyOeI0IaaGymaaGa ayjkaiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOBaaaaaaa@3D8B@ متباعدة و لا تقبل نهاية.
إذا كانت متتالية عددية ( u n ) n≥ n 0 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaWaaSbaaSqa aiaad6gacqGHLjYScaWGUbWaaSbaaWqaaiaaicdaaeqaaaWcbeaaaa a@3E87@ متقاربة ،فإن نهايتها وحيدة.
لتكن ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ متتالية متقاربة بحيث lim n→+∞ u n =l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgaaa a@4271@ و lim n→+∞ u n = l ′ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iqadYgaga qbaaaa@427D@ و l ′ <l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiqadYgagaqbai abgYda8iaadYgaaaa@38F6@ و ليكن ε= l− l ′ 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabew7aLjabg2 da9maalaaabaGaamiBaiabgkHiTiqadYgagaqbaaqaaiaaikdaaaaa aa@3C58@
∃ N 1 ∈ℕ/∀n≥ N 1 , u n ∈] l−ε,l+ε [=] l− l ′ 2 , l+ l ′ 2 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad6 eadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGVaGaeyia IiIaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqabaGccaGGSa GaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGaamiB aiabgkHiTiabew7aLjaacYcacaWGSbGaey4kaSIaeqyTdugacaGLDb Gaay5waaGaeyypa0ZaaKWiaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadYgacqGHsislceWG SbGbauaaaeaacaaIYaaaaiaacYcadaWcaaqaaiaadYgacqGHRaWkce WGSbGbauaaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@5ABC@ lim n→+∞ u n =l⇒ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgacq GHshI3aaa@44CE@
∃ N 2 ∈ℕ/∀n≥ N 2 , u n ∈] l ′ −ε, l ′ +ε [=] l+ l ′ 2 , 3l− l ′ 2 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad6 eadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGVaGaeyia IiIaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqabaGccaGGSa GaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcabaGabmiB ayaafaGaeyOeI0IaeqyTduMaaiilaiqadYgagaqbaiabgUcaRiabew 7aLbGaayzxaiaawUfaaiabg2da9maajmcabaWaaSaaaeaacaWGSbGa ey4kaSIabmiBayaafaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaGGSaWaaSaaaeaacaaIZa GaamiBaiabgkHiTiqadYgagaqbaaqaaiaaikdaaaaacaGLDbGaay5w aaaaaa@5B93@ lim n→+∞ u n = l ′ ⇒ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iqadYgaga qbaiabgkDiEdaa@44DA@
نضع N=sup( N 1 , N 2 ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad6eacqGH9a qpciGGZbGaaiyDaiaacchadaqadaqaaiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaaGym aaqabaGccaGGSaGaamOtamaaBaaaleaacaaIYaaabeaaaOGaayjkai aawMcaaaaa@4085@ : ∀n≥N, u n ∈] l− l ′ 2 , l+ l ′ 2 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGobGaaiilaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGc cqGHiiIZdaqcJaqaamaalaaabaGaamiBaiabgkHiTiqadYgagaqbaa qaaiaaikdaaaGaaiilamaalaaabaGaamiBaiabgUcaRiqadYgagaqb aaqaaiaaikdaaaaacaGLDbGaay5waaaaaa@48C2@ و ∀n≥N, u n ∈] l+ l ′ 2 , 3l− l ′ 2 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGobGaaiilaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGc cqGHiiIZdaqcJaqaamaalaaabaGaamiBaiabgUcaRiqadYgagaqbaa qaaiaaikdaaaGaaiilamaalaaabaGaaG4maiaadYgacqGHsislceWG SbGbauaaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaayzxaiaawUfaaaaa@497F@
و منه ∀n≥N, u n ∈] l+ l ′ 2 , 3l− l ′ 2 [∩] l− l ′ 2 , l+ l ′ 2 [=∅ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgcGiIiaad6 gacqGHLjYScaWGobGaaiilaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaamOBaaqabaGc cqGHiiIZdaqcJaqaamaalaaabaGaamiBaiabgUcaRiqadYgagaqbaa qaaiaaikdaaaGaaiilamaalaaabaGaaG4maiaadYgacqGHsislceWG SbGbauaaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaayzxaiaawUfaaiabgMIihpaajmcaba WaaSaaaeaacaWGSbGaeyOeI0IabmiBayaafaaabaGaaGOmaaaacaGG SaWaaSaaaeaacaWGSbGaey4kaSIabmiBayaafaaabaGaaGOmaaaaai aaw2facaGLBbaacqGH9aqpcqGHfiIXaaa@57A7@ و هذا غير ممكن،ومنه l ′ =l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiqadYgagaqbai abg2da9iaadYgaaaa@38F8@
Ø إذا كانت متتالية عددية ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ متقاربة ،فإنها محدودة.
أي: lim n→+∞ u n =l⇒∃M∈ℝ/∀n∈ℕ,| u n |≤M MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgacq GHshI3cqGHdicjcaWGnbGaeyicI4SaeSyhHeQaai4laiabgcGiIiaa d6gacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGSaWaaqWaaeaacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaai aad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLhWUaayjcSdGaeyizImQaamytaaaa@574B@
لدينا lim n→+∞ u n =l MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaCbeaeaaci GGSbGaaiyAaiaac2gaaSqaaiaad6gacqGHsgIRcqGHRaWkcqGHEisP aeqaaOGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabg2da9iaadYgaaa a@4271@ إذن من اجل ε= 1 2 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabew7aLjabg2 da9maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaaaaa@3A3A@ ، ∃N∈ℕ/∀n≥N, u n ∈] l− 1 2 ,l+ 1 2 [ MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqabeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiabgoGiKiaad6 eacqGHiiIZcqWIvesPcaGGVaGaeyiaIiIaamOBaiabgwMiZkaad6ea caGGSaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaWGUbaabeaakiabgIGiopaajmcaba GaamiBaiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaGaaiilaiaa dYgacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaayzxaiaawU faaaaa@4D89@
نضع A={ | u 0 |,| u 1 |,.....,| u N−1 |,| l− 1 2 |,| l+ 1 2 | } MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaadgeacqGH9a qpdaGadaqaamaaemaabaGaamyDamaaBaaaleaacaaIWaaabeaaaOGa ay5bSlaawIa7aiaacYcadaabdaqaaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaa qabaaakiaawEa7caGLiWoacaGGSaGaaiOlaiaac6cacaGGUaGaaiOl aiaac6cacaGGSaWaaqWaaeaacaWG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6eacqGHsi slcaaIXaaabeaaaOGaay5bSlaawIa7aiaacYcadaabdaqaaiaadYga cqGHsisldaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaIYaaaaaGaay5bSlaawIa7ai aacYcadaabdaqaaiaadYgacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI YaaaaaGaay5bSlaawIa7aaGaay5Eaiaaw2haaaaa@5ED6@ و ليكن M=maxA MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVCI8FfYJH8YrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbb a9q8WqFfeaY=biLkVcLq=JHqpepeea0=as0Fb9pgeaYRXxe9vr0=vr 0=vqpWqadeWabmGadiWaceqadeWadmqadqWaaOqaaiaad2eacqGH9a qpciGGTbGaaiyyaiaacIhacaWGbbaaaa@3B78@
لدينا ∀n∈ℕ,| u n |≤M MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaGaeyiaIiIaam OBaiabgIGiolablwriLkaacYcadaabdaqaaiaadwhadaWgaaWcbaGa amOBaaqabaaakiaawEa7caGLiWoacqGHKjYOcaWGnbaaaa@4340@ و منه ( u n ) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbmqadeWacmGadiqabmqadmWabmabdaGcbaWaaeWaaeaaca WG1bWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa@39BD@ محدودة.